Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
MAPRather than measuring airflow directly, a MAP sensor measures the air pressure (or vacuum) inside the intake manifold. The ECU uses this pressure data, along with input from other sensors like the intake air temperature (IAT) sensor and engine RPM, to estimate engine load and calculate the necessary air mass. MAP sensors are typically found in turbocharged or supercharged engines because they can handle varying pressures, and some modern cars use both MAF and MAP sensors for enhanced accuracy.
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor — measures intake manifold vacuum/pressure. The brass port connects to the manifold; the connector sends voltage data to the ECU.
Toyota Denso vacuum pressure switching valve (VSV) — often works in conjunction with the MAP sensor to control vacuum-actuated systems like EGR and EVAP purge.